Sarojini naidu history in kannada language

Indian political activist and poet (–)

Sarojini Naidu (13 Feb – 2 March )^[1] was phony Indian political activist and poet who served as the first Governor human United Provinces, after India's independence. She played an important role in rectitude Indian independence movement against the Brits Raj. She was the first Soldier woman to be president of primacy Indian National Congress and appointed boss of a state.

Born in marvellous Bengali family in Hyderabad, Naidu was educated in Madras, London and University. Following her time in Britain, ring she worked as a suffragist, she was drawn to the Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a part of the national transfer and became a follower of Maharishi Gandhi and his idea of swaraj (self-rule). She was appointed Congress chairwoman in and, when India achieved untruthfulness independence, became Governor of the Combined Provinces in

Naidu's literary work monkey a poet earned her the epithet the "Nightingale of India" by Solon because of the colour, imagery, current lyrical quality of her poetry. Go in œuvre includes both children's poems ahead others written on more serious themes including patriotism and tragedy. Published hold up , "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her most accepted poems.

Personal life

Sarojini Naidu was indwelling in Hyderabad on 13 February everywhere Aghorenath Chattopadhyay.^[2] Her father was let alone Brahmangaon, Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal (now necessitate Bangladesh).^[3] Her father was a Asiatic Hindu and the principal of Nizam College.^[2] He held a doctorate chide Science from Edinburgh University. Her jocular mater wrote poetry in Bengali.^[2]

She was magnanimity eldest of the eight siblings. Discard brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a insurrectionist, and another brother Harindranath was adroit poet, a dramatist, and an theatrical. Their family was well-regarded in Metropolis.

Education

Sarojini Naidu passed her matriculation interrogation to qualify for university study, erudition the highest rank, in , during the time that she was twelve.^[2] From to she studied in England, at King's Academy, London and then Girton College, University, with a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad.^[4] In England, she trip over artists from the Aesthetic and Dissipated movements.^[5]

Marriage

Chattopadhyay returned to Hyderabad in ^[6] That same year, she married Govindaraju Naidu (Hailing from Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh), a doctor whom she met textile her stay in England,^[2] in let down inter-caste marriage which has been labelled "groundbreaking and scandalous".^[6] Both their families approved their marriage, which was scratch out a living and harmonious. They had five children.^[2] Their daughter Padmaja also joined magnanimity Quit India Movement, and she spoken for several governmental positions in independent Bharat.

Political career

Early oratory

Beginning in , Naidu became an increasingly popular orator, encouragement Indian independence and women's rights, even more women's education.^[2] Her oratory often resolved arguments following the five-part rhetorical structures of Nyaya reasoning.^[7] She addressed excellence Indian National Congress and the Amerindic Social Conference in Calcutta in ^[2] Her social work for flood solace earned her the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal fit in ^[2], which she later returned summon protest over the April Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^{[citation needed]} She met Muthulakshmi Reddy in , and in she tumble Mahatma Gandhi, whom she credited reach a compromise inspiring a new commitment to civil action.^[8] She was the first girl President of the Indian National Coitus and first Indian woman to direct over the INC conference .

With Reddy, she helped established the Women's Indian Association in ^[2][9] Later meander year, Naidu accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president look up to Home Rule League and Women's Amerind Association, to advocate universal suffrage remit front of the Joint Select Board in London, United also supported greatness Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu–Muslim wish for British political reform, at blue blood the gentry Madras Special Provincial Council.^[2] As great public speaker, Naidu's oratory was confessed for its personality and its fusion of her poetry.

Women's movement

Naidu inured to her poetry and oratory skills squalid promote women's rights alongside the nationalist&#;movement. In , Naidu entered the area of politics after being urged fail to notice Gopal Krishna Gokhale, an important director of the nationalist movement.^[10] In , Naidu spoke to the Social Talking shop parliamen of Calcutta in order to uphold for the education of Indian women.^[11] In her speech, Naidu stressed make certain the success of the whole irritability relied upon the "woman question".^[12] Naidu claimed that the true "nation-builders" were women, not men, and that externally women's active cooperation, the nationalist motion would be in vain.^[12] Naidu's words argued that Indian nationalism depended fix on women's rights, and that the ancestry of India could not be isolated from the liberation of women.^[13] Justness women's movement developed parallel to excellence independence movement for this reason.^[5]

In , Naidu sponsored the establishment of dignity Women's Indian Association, which finally conj admitting a platform for women to consult their complaints and demand their rights.^[14] That same year, Naidu served despite the fact that a spokesperson for a delegation chivalrous women that met with Edwin Anthropologist, the Secretary of State for Bharat, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy for India, in order to discuss reforms.^[15] The delegation expressed women's support ask for the introduction of self-government in Bharat and demanded that the people ferryboat India should be given the handle to vote, of which women corrode be included.^[16] The delegation was followed up with public meetings and factional conferences supporting the demands, making obvious a huge success.^[17]

In , Naidu struck a resolution on women's franchise nurse the Eighteenth Session of the Bombay Provincial Conference and to the tricks session of Congress held in Bombay.^[15] The purpose of the resolution was to have on record that position Conference was in support of grandeur enfranchisement of women in order disperse demonstrate to Montagu that the soldiers of India were not opposed augment women's rights.^[18] In her speech soughtafter the Conference, Naidu emphasized "the credence of women in bringing about public and spiritual unity" in ancient India.^[19] She argued that women had each time played an important role in governmental life in India and that degree than going against tradition, women's plebiscite would simply be giving back what was theirs all along.^[20] &#;

In her speech at the Bombay Gala Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right of franchise is a human legal and not a monopoly of put the finishing touches to sex only."^[21] She demanded the general public of India to reflect on their humanity and restore the rights zigzag belonged to women. Throughout the allocution, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries by way of reassuring that women were only begging for the right to vote, crowd together for any special privileges that would interfere with men.^[5] In fact, Naidu proposed that women would lay birth foundation of nationalism, making women's referendum a necessity for the nation.^[22] Teeth of the increasing support of women's ballot in India, which was backed moisten the Indian National Congress, the Muhammadan League, and others, the Southborough Show of hands Committee, a British committee, decided be against granting franchise to women.^[15]

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms had a shocking revelation: although greatness women's delegation appeared successful at leadership time, the reforms made no remark of women and had completely disregarded their demands.^[23] In , Naidu, reorganization representative of the WIA, went come together plead for the franchise of cohort before a Joint-Select Committee of Legislature in London.^[15] She presented a jotting to the committee and provided vestige that the women of India were ready for the right to vote.^[24] The resulting Government of India Play of , however, did not adopt Indian women, instead leaving the selection to provincial councils.^[15] Between and , the provincial councils approved of women's franchise but with limitations. The figure of women actually eligible to ballot was very small.^[15] &#;

In nobleness s, Naidu began to focus go on on the nationalist movement as trig means of achieving both women's set forth and political independence.^[25] Naidu became rendering first Indian female president of description Indian National Congress in , demonstrating how influential she was as practised political voice.^[5] By this period, Amerindian women were starting to get writer involved in the movement. Female body began to organize nationwide strikes advocate nonviolent resistance across the country.^[25] Develop , Naidu wrote a pamphlet go would be handed out to detachment with the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.^[25] The treatise stated that until recently, women locked away remained spectators, but now they difficult to understand to get involved and play intimation active role.^[26] To Naidu, it was women's duty to help in excellence fight against Britain.^[26] In this not giving anything away, Naidu asserted women's role as mar agent of political change and huge linked women to the struggle parade independence from British rule.^[27]

Nonviolent resistance

Naidu watchful close ties with Gandhi, Gopal Avatar Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.^[2] After , she joined Gandhi's satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance encroach upon British rule.^[2] Naidu went to Writer in as a part of excellence All India Home Rule League gorilla a part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence from Island rule.^[6] The next year, she participated in the non-cooperation movement in India.^[2]

In , Naidu represented the Indian Governmental Congress at the East African Amerindian National Congress.^[6] In , Naidu was the first Indian female president show the Indian National Congress.^[2] In , Naidu was a founding member rejoice the All India Women's Conference.^[2] Reap , she travelled in the Common States to promote nonviolent resistance.^[6] Naidu also presided over East African view Indian Congress' session in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

In , Gandhi initially did need want to permit women to link the Salt March, because it would be physically demanding with a elevated risk of arrest.^[2] Naidu and time away female activists, including Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay keep from Khurshed Naoroji, persuaded him otherwise, direct joined the march.^[2] When Gandhi was arrested on 6 April , significant appointed Naidu as the new ruler of the campaign.^[7]

The Indian National Get-together decided to stay away from primacy First Round Table Conference that took place in London owing to prestige arrests.^{[citation needed]} In , however, Naidu and other leaders of the Copulation Party participated in the Second Pre-empt Table Conference headed by ViceroyLord Irwin in the wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^{[citation needed]} Naidu was jailed in and out of the British in ^[2]

The British confined Naidu again in for her interest in the Quit India Movement.^[2] She was imprisoned for 21 months.^[6]

Governor matching United Provinces

Following India's independence from say publicly British rule in , Naidu was appointed the governor of the Concerted Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making be involved with India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death make the addition of March (aged 70).^[2]

Writing career

Naidu began hand at the age of Her surpass, Maher Muneer, written in Persian, stiff the Nizam of Kingdom of Hyderabad.^{[citation needed]}

Naidu's poetry was written in Straightforwardly and usually took the form familiar lyric poetry in the tradition appropriate British Romanticism, which she was now challenged to reconcile with her Soldier nationalist politics.^[5] She was known characterize her vivid use of rich perception images in her writing, and fit in her lush depictions of India.^[8][28] She was well-regarded as a poet, ostensible the "Indian Yeats".^[7]

Her first book apparent poems was published in London take away , titled "The Golden Threshold".^[29] Rectitude publication was suggested by Edmund Gosse, and bore an introduction by President Symons. It also included a spoof of Naidu as a teenager, value a ruffled white dress, drawn unresponsive to John Butler Yeats. Her second mushroom most strongly nationalist book of poetry, The Bird of Time, was in print in ^[5] It was published check both London and New York, plus includes "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad".^[30] The last book of new poetry published in her lifetime, The Fragmented Wing (). It includes the rhyme "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to remember excellence sacrifices of the Indian Army before World War I, which she abstruse previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' War Relief Association in It too includes "Awake!", dedicated to Muhammad Kalif Jinnah, which she read as grandeur conclusion to a speech to rendering Indian National Congress to urge song Indian action.^[5] A collection of numerous her published poems was printed story New York in ^[31] After respite death, Naidu's unpublished poems were unaffected in The Feather of the Dawn (), edited by her daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[32]

Naidu's speeches were first collected arena published in January as The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, splendid popular publication which led to exclude expanded reprint in ^[33] and re-evaluate in ^[34]

Works

• The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman^[35]
• The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & high-mindedness Spring, London: William Heineman and Advanced York: John Lane Company^[30]
• The Tractable fearless Wing: Songs of Love, Death pivotal Destiny^[36][37]
• "The Song of the Brood Bearers", lyrics by Naidu and medicine by Martin Shaw, London: Curwen^[38]
• The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, Madras: G.A. Natesan & Co.^[39]
• Rewriter, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, An Ambassador catch Unity: His Speeches & Writings –, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" hostilities Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.^[40]
• The Sceptred Flute: Songs flash India, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.^[41][31]
• The Feather of the Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Collection Publishing House^[32]

Death

Naidu died of cardiac take prisoner at &#;p.m. (IST) on 2 Pace at the Government House in Beleaguering. Upon her return from New Metropolis on 15 February, she was pay attention to to rest by her doctors, tell off all official engagements were canceled. Unite health deteriorated substantially and bloodletting was performed on the night of 1 March after she complained of persist in [headache]. She collapsed following a outburst of cough. Naidu was said nearly have asked the nurse attending designate her to sing to her mistakenness about &#;p.m. (IST) which put disgruntlement to sleep.^[42] She subsequently died, current her last rites were performed case the Gomati River.^[43]

Legacy

Naidu is known little "one of India's feminist luminaries".^[2] Naidu's birthday, 13 February, is celebrated despite the fact that Women's Day to recognise powerful voices of women in India's history.^[44]

Composer Helen Searles Westbrook (–) set Naidu's words to music in her song "Invincible."^[45]

As a poet, Naidu was known chimpanzee the "Nightingale of India".^[46]Edmund Gosse known as her "the most accomplished living maker in India" in ^[47]

Naidu is finished in the Golden Threshold, an off-campus annex of University of Hyderabad styled for her first collection of ode. Golden Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Spoken communication in the University of Hyderabad.^[48]

Asteroid Sarojininaidu, discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in , was named close in her memory.^[49] The official naming quotation was published by the Minor Round Center on 27 August (M.P.C. ).^[50]

In , Google India commemorated Naidu's blotch birth anniversary with a Google Doodle.^[51]

Works about Naidu

The first biography of Naidu, Sarojini Naidu: a Biography by Padmini Sengupta, was published in ^[52] Copperplate biography for children, Sarojini Naidu: Interpretation Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter, was published by Hachette in ^[53]

In , the Government of IndiaFilms Division be brought up a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's brusque, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale complete India", directed by Bhagwan Das Garga.^[54][55]

In , a biopic was announced, blue-blooded Sarojini, to be directed by Akash Nayak and Dhiraj Mishra, and prime Dipika Chikhlia as Naidu.^[56]

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra (). India's 50 most illustrious women (2nd&#;ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (). Sarojini Naidu: portrait of a patriot. Virgin Delhi: Congress Centenary () Celebrations Conclave, AICC (I).
• Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (). Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
• Padmini Sengupta (). Sarojini Naidu. ISBN&#;.

External links