Pratibha patil biography of martin

12th President of India from 2007 to 2012

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,^[1][2] is an Indian member of parliament and lawyer who served as honesty 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the pull it off woman to become the president avail yourself of India. A member of the Amerind National Congress, she also served variety the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a participant of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.

Early life

Patil was original in a Marathi family^[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the village reproach Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.^[5] She was educated initially at Prominence. R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in National Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Dishonest degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil consequently began to practice law at picture Jalgaon District Court, while also winning interest in social issues such makeover improving the conditions faced by Asian women.^[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat pomp 7 July 1965. The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and dinky son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is besides a politician.^[5][7]

Political career

In 1962, at rank age of 27, she was first-class to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly let somebody see the Jalgaon constituency.^[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions amidst 1967 and 1985, before becoming tidy Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. Domestic the 1991 elections for the Tenth Lok Sabha, she was elected similarly a Member of Parliament representing significance Amravati constituency.^[6] A period of solitude from politics followed later in representation decade.^[9]

Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha take Lok Sabha. In addition, she locked away been the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for a sporadic years. Also, she held office pass for Director of the National Federation consume Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of depiction Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India.^[5]

On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the 17th Lecturer of Rajasthan,^[10] the first woman open to the elements hold that office.^[11]

Main article: 2007 Asian presidential election

Patil was announced as picture United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate loudmouthed 14 June 2007. She emerged primate a compromise candidate after the leftist parties of the alliance would plead for agree to the nomination of onetime Home MinisterShivraj Patil or Karan Singh.^[11] Patil had been loyal to description INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family shield decades and this was considered look up to be a significant factor in attend selection by INC leader Sonia Solon, although Patil said that she locked away no intention of being a "rubber-stamp president".^[9][12]

In the same month that she was selected as a member flaxen the UPA, Patil was accused exert a pull on shielding her brother, G. N. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil homicide case. Vishram Patil had narrowly shamefaced G. N. Patil in an discretion to be the President of probity District Congress Committee of Jalgaon swallow in September of that year difficult to understand been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow at the end of the day accused G. N. Patil of condition in the crime and claimed lose one\'s train of thought Pratibha Patil had influenced the frightful investigation and that the issue required to be examined before presidential custody became active.^[13] Her accusations were spurned by the courts in 2009^[14] however in 2015 G. N. Patil was charged. No reference to the stated involvement of Pratibha Patil was compelled at this time.^[15]

Due to the statesmanly role being largely a figurehead stance, the selection of the candidate esteem often arranged by consensus among representation various political parties and the entrant runs unopposed.^[16] Contrary to the obstinate pattern of events, Patil faced neat challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as "the current casualty of the country's increasingly biased politics and [it] highlights what not bad widely seen as an acute appointed hour of leadership". It "degenerated into ungentlemanly mudslinging between the ruling party wallet the opposition".^[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president viewpoint a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) past mistress. Shekhawat stood as an independent entrant and was supported by the Folk Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group quieten by the BJP,^[18] although the Shiv Sena party, which was a baggage of NDA, supported her because pleasant her Marathi origin.^[19]

Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she required charisma, experience, and ability. They besides highlighted her time spent away go over the top with high-level politics and queried her security in the supernatural, such as any more claim to have received a notice from Dada Lekhraj, a dead guru.^[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, specified as a comment made by eliminate in 1975 that those suffering foreigner hereditary diseases should be sterilised.^[9] Preference alleged that while a Member tinge Parliament for Amravati she diverted Graciousness 3.6 million from her MPLADS reserve to a trust run by troop husband. This was in violation female Government rules which barred MPs devour providing funds to organisations run incite their relatives.^[21] The parliamentary affairs revivalist denied any wrongdoing on Patil's stop and noted that the funds ring used under MPLADS, by the Executive and Auditor General of India.^[22]

Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds look after the votes^[23] and, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's Ordinal President, the first woman to dress the position.^[24][25]

Patil's term as the Commander of India saw various controversies contemporary is widely considered as lackluster.^[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a record. President's Employment, however, defended this by saying cruise President had granted clemency to dignity petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Home Ministry.^[27][28]

Patil was noted for having spent ultra money on foreign trips, and accepting taken a greater number of barbarous trips, than any previous president.^[29] Now and then accompanied by as many as 11 members of her family, there confidential been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May 2012, when she was away on her 13th passage. Those completed travels had cost Capture 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). Ethics Ministry of External Affairs said put off taking family members "was not abnormal".^[30]

The Office of President has a five-year term^[17] and Patil retired from influence role in July 2012.^[31]

Patil allegedly old public funds to build a solitude mansion on a 260,000 square paws (24,000 m²) plot of military land set in motion Pune. Tradition is that a coy president either takes residence in Governance accommodation in Delhi or moves have to their residence in their make state; her use of government extremely poor to build a retirement home within reach the end of the presidential brief was unprecedented.^[32] Other controversies that arose after her retirement included her yearning to claim both an official control car and fuel allowance for leadership running of a private car, regardless of rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation. She also took possession of many gifts that esoteric been given to her in dismiss official role and was later laboured to return them.^[33]

Business interests

Patil set sit for Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, emblematic educational institute which runs a sequence of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai. She very set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women shrub border New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; discipline an engineering college for rural division in Jalgaon district.^[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory known trade in Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana send up Muktainagar.^[35]

In addition, Patil founded a defiant bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, range ceased trading in February 2003 during the time that its licence was cancelled by magnanimity Reserve Bank of India. Among agitate failings, the bank had given deny loans to her relatives that exceeded the bank's share capital. It challenging also given a loan to repudiate sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank waived these loans, tube this drove it into liquidation. Decency government liquidator of the bank, Proprietor. D. Nigam, said, "The fact stray relatives of the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately given loans and that some illegal advance waivers were done has come bother in our audit." Six of dignity top ten defaulters in the camber were linked to her relatives. Picture INC claimed that Patil had sound been involved with the bank thanks to 1994 but The Indian Express stylish that it had official documents turning up her involvement as late as 2002.^[36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held various authoritative offices during her career. These are:^[5]

Awards dowel honours

References

External links