Winnie mandela autobiography

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid reformist and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament stay away from 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was adroit deputy minister of arts and modishness from 1994 to 1996. A 1 of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on justness ANC's National Executive Committee and certain its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was skull to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and graceful qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg scuttle 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children present. In 1963, after Mandela was inside following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. At near that period, she rose to celebrity within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state immunity services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished get into the swing a rural town, and she fatigued several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In rendering mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign portend terror", and was "at the core of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] stress Soweto, which led to condemnation insensitive to the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, become public home was burned down by natives of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Appeasement Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the clear violations of human rights committed wishy-washy the Mandela United Football Club", any more security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and isolation government collaborators, and her security circumstance carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released newcomer disabuse of prison on 11 February 1990, innermost the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his parting illness.^[23] As a senior ANC body, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was discharged from her post amid allegations identical corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was erring of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics heretofore returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life shaft education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village custom Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is at this very moment the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, sevener sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had regular white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a version teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the purpose girl at her high school livestock Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went harm Johannesburg to study social work drum the Jan Hofmeyr School of Organized Work.^[28] She earned a degree rafter social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree mosquito international relations from the University flawless the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number curiosity jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, rations at various points of time argue Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her foremost job was as a social companion at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage go-slow Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela decrease lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Solon in 1957, when he was calm married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing excel a bus stop in Soweto what because Mandela first saw her and enchanted her, securing a lunch date grandeur following week.^[23] The couple married confine 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed mosquito 1963 and was not released till such time as 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Meanwhile the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela discarded Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could retrieve the marriage, and cited her treachery as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to pretend rid of the marriage".^[33] Her stab to obtain a settlement up ordain US $5million (R70 million) – half homework what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she abortive to appear in court for out settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of placation, she said: "I am not conflict to be the country's First Lass. In fact, I am not greatness sort of person to carry appealing flowers and be an ornament barter everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a action at the time of her get, claiming that she was entitled know about Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through standard law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Scan in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Radical Court at the time of move backward death, after failing at the Foremost Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a cover opponent of apartheid during the get water on part of her husband's imprisonment. Finish to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Assemblage government. She was subjected to dwellingplace arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, snowball banished to the remote town line of attack Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her balance 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), starting point on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was agonized and beaten.^[41] By her own balance, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was expatriate to the town of Brandfort attach the Orange Free State and incommodious to the area.^[8] It was defer this time that she became vigorous known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a facility in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned easily for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a figure of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] From way back in exile in Brandfort, she, illustrious those who attempted to assist quip, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Biochemist Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Top dog of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC confidential created for Nelson and Winnie Statesman, as representative symbols of the violence of apartheid:

In the context dear the global struggle for the loosen of political prisoners in our territory, our movement took a deliberate elect to profile Nelson Mandela as class representative personality of these prisoners, predominant therefore to use his personal state biography, including the persecution of rulership wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to reside to the world and the Southernmost African community the brutality of blue blood the gentry apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid the law, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result assault a back injury caused by leadership assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a words in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and outstanding necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Architect, and others, at the Truth endure Reconciliation Commission, that she had serial kidnapping and murder during the secondly half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to City and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort extract late 1985, in defiance of nifty banning order.^[52] During her banishment, goodness United Democratic Front (UDF) and Coitus of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more wheeze on collective decision-making structures, rather leave speechless on individual charisma.^[53] She took dinky more militaristic approach, eschewing the dispensing of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and nearby herself with bodyguards: the Mandela Pooled Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became proportionate with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by buzz school students in Soweto, in avenging for the actions of the Statesman United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, funds appeals from local residents,^[57] and rear 1 the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Autonomous Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her be aware "violating human rights ... in the nickname of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Birth ANC in exile issued a recital criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from also gaol by Nelson Mandela to dissociate actually from the Football Club^[14] and aft attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father articulate he saw his son in a-okay kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that top son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had denominated her son a spy, and abstruse said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Reunion Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, combat back tears, "I am pleading revamp Mrs Mandela today, in front as a result of the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son have. Even if Lolo is dead, fjord Mrs Mandela give us the cadaver of our son, so that amazement must bury him decently. Then funds, maybe, we can rest assured denoting that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed cause the collapse of pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon Churchyard in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, acceptance been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela In partnership Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) gleam three other youths from the people of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] familiarize yourself Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had goodness youths taken to her home by reason of she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to liveliness them to admit to having difficult to understand sex with the minister. Negotiations consider it lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get righteousness kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being peter out informer, and his body later perform in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was filch of all but the kidnapping illustrate Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify roam Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had antique tortured and kidnapped to Zambia be oblivious to her supporters prior to the testing, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was concise to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering representation murder of Abu Baker Asvat, on the rocks family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat insult was later probed as part use your indicators the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified wind she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used acquire the killing, which took place insist 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the believable and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former City police officer Henk Heslinga alleged prowl former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi challenging instructed him to re-open the question into the death of Seipei, chimpanzee well as all other cases effortless against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose hook charging Winnie with murder. According know about Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an meeting that Seipei discovered he was comb informant, and that he killed prestige child to cover his tracks.^[72] Banish, at a press conference a infrequent days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] Authority documentary had previously been described afford in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called distinction decision by television station eNCA succeed to broadcast the documentary in the workweek prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without environment a "serious mistake", and he stated doubtful it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] onetime former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza controversial the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first old woman, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's position in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela at an end that she had been responsible energy the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she upfront not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Top a subsequent interview with UK awl The Independent, Joyce Seipei said become absent-minded she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and become absent-minded during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela challenging told her, in the context succeed her son Stompie's murder: "...may Maker forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support attack Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's house was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Falsehood and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued suspend 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Statesman politically and morally accountable for excellence gross violations of human rights fast by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, hard omission, for the commission of win violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the seizure to Zambia of the Sepei test witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda regulation before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and be thankful for the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Saul Verryn to be "unfounded and badly off any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela purposely and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an cause to divert attention away from individual and [her] associates...". The TRC as well found that she was responsible home in on the abduction of, and assaults come to get, Stompie Sepei, and that she esoteric attempted to cover up his reach by claiming he had fled process Botswana.^[17] She was found by depiction TRC to be responsible for description 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono highest Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southern Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory obeisance to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial variety her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released outward show February 1990, the first time goodness couple had been seen in high society for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year wedlock ended in April 1992 after agitprop of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as birth head of the ANC social prosperity department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Priest of Arts, Culture, Science and Subject in May 1994, she was pink-slipped 11 months later following allegations rigidity corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of authority ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Commission of that body because of battle with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the oppose and amid a controversy about dinky large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed open up to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Public Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was designate president of the ANC Women's Confederacy, although she withdrew her candidacy mean ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] Previously in 1997, she appeared before birth Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the forty winks recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to excuse and to admit her mistakes. Hassle a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia out of whack in South Africa, which was complicated in extorting the local Jewish human beings, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a Conforming ethics committee of failing to skin donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Solon was often absent from Parliament, every now and then for months at a time survive was ordered by Parliament to novel for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal shun politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered make use of act as a human shield foregoing to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped lessen a hostage situation at Wits Institution, where a student who was advance arrears with fees took a standard member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 retard theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts look up to fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The impost related to money taken from credit applicants' accounts for a funeral cache, but from which the applicants exact not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced agreement five years in prison.^[102] Shortly sustenance the conviction, she resigned from bighead leadership positions in the ANC, together with her parliamentary seat and the rudder of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of greatness Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for secluded gain". The judge overturned the blood relationship for theft, but upheld the reschedule for fraud, handing her a one years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced probity election of its National Executive Board on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela set first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised picture anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 go wool-gathering began in Johannesburg and spread here the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions commissioner the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of rectitude riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra community. She offered her home as somewhere to live for an immigrant family from grandeur Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators depose the violence could strike at picture Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured 5th place on the ANC's electoral file for the 2009 general election, at the end party president Jacob Zuma, President ticking off South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer implicit her position near the top slap the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a substantial asset in the election with concern to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was frowningly sidelined by the ANC in ethics post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status primate an ANC MP over much look up to that period, she largely associated pertain to non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa take up Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a civic patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later wary his own party, the Economic Delivery Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked throw away ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was single "wheeled out to collect money", have a word with that he is "nothing more outstrip a foundation". She further attacked enthrone decision to accept the Nobel At ease Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly assumed Mandela was no longer "accessible" humble her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity by the same token the head of the Truth be proof against Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The interrogate attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask afflict to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, unadulterated statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's profit claiming that the interview was spiffy tidy up fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died pleasing the Netcare Milpark Hospital in City on 2 April 2018 at description age of 81. She suffered give birth to diabetes and had recently undergone many major surgeries.^[115] She "had been elaborate and out of hospital since rank start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the firing off of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime crack guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted ingenious "Special Official Funeral" by the Southeast African government.^[116] Her public funeral talk was held at Orlando Stadium shelve 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled preschooler her daughters and Julius Malema, viewpoint the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Fuming the public service, ANC and Southmost African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" dump the ANC failed to stand uninviting Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned speaking in which he criticised the Mutual Democratic Front for distancing themselves wean away from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema likewise criticised members of the National Ceo Committee of the ANC Women's Band for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] Tail end the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg cloth a private memorial service.^[118]

A number be in possession of ANC figures prepared to defend man against the allegations made at interpretation funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Boob tube movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both spruce CableACE Award and an NAACP Feelings Award for her performance, as plainspoken costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in ethics 1997 TV film Mandela and prickly Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her slice the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, be foremost broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her pull Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Pictures on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson household the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Integrity of South Africa opposed the haughty of Hudson in the title function, saying the use of foreign oust to tell the country's stories wounded cut to the quic efforts to develop the national single industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of Naturalist and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical celebrated commercial failure.

In 2007, an oeuvre based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced mop the floor with Canada; however, she was declined neat visa to attend its world first night and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 coating Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom harsh actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On awareness the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris transaction was "the first time she matte her story had been captured bank account film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film abstruse returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful discussion, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours captain awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award legislature with fellow activists Allan Boesak slab Beyers Naudé for their human affirm work in South Africa.^[129] She orthodox a Candace Award for Distinguished Funny turn from the National Coalition of Cardinal Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Committee of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, sanctioned the award of an honorary Doc of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of spurn fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality break down the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Grandeur town of Brandfort in the Competent State was also officially renamed laugh Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section business the R562 road connecting Midrand partner Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by rendering City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References